Thermo-hydraulics
Q = A × k × LMTD. Keppels calculates heat transfer for the actual application. BSHE are calculated with differential equations. Falling Films and Ice-bank are special calculations.
Figure: Thermal dynamics in pillow plate.
Pressure drop, hold-up, fouling
ΔP depends on pillow height, path, corners and velocity. Corners should be wider than the channel. Hold-up is pillow height times free area — smaller than a double jacket. CIP of the product side is a tank problem. CIP of the pillow needs drainable connections. Steam needs condensate removal and a robust top sheet. Refrigerant plates are two-phase designs, not water jackets. Glycol must be specified as a mixture, not as a word. Spreadsheets cover most first estimates; CFD is for awkward headers.
